Introduction
Multiple myeloma is a form of cancer impacting plasma cells, specialized white blood cells responsible for antibody production. Even though the disease mostly affects bone marrow, it can have major effects on other organs, such as the kidneys. When multiple myeloma progresses, it can have various effects on the kidneys, leading to kidney failure. The reasons for kidney failure in multiple myeloma will be explained in this article, along with possible treatments, including the usage of Lenalidomide in the treatment of this condition.
Causes of Kidney Failure in Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma can lead to kidney failure due to several mechanisms:
1. Production of abnormal proteins: In multiple myeloma, cancerous plasma cells produce abnormal proteins called monoclonal immunoglobulins or M proteins. These proteins can accumulate in the kidneys and cause damage over time, leading to kidney dysfunction.
2. Light chain deposition: In some cases, the light chains of abnormal immunoglobulins can deposit in the kidneys, forming amyloid or non-amyloid fibrils. This deposition can impair kidney function and eventually result in kidney failure.
3. Hypercalcemia and dehydration: Multiple myeloma can cause hypercalcemia. A condition with high levels of calcium in the blood. This can lead to kidney damage.
Additionally, dehydration, which can occur due to the disease or its treatment, can further compromise kidney function.
Treatment Options for Kidney Failure in Multiple Myeloma
When multiple myeloma patients have renal failure, quick action is required to protect kidney function and enhance overall results. A variety of tactics that are specifically adapted to the state of each patient make up the conventional therapy strategy. Reducing the synthesis of aberrant proteins, controlling problems, and providing supportive care are the main objectives of treatment.
The mainstay of multiple myeloma treatment, chemotherapy, is essential in controlling renal failure. Targeted therapies are frequently utilised to restrict the proliferation of cancer cells and lessen the burden on the kidneys. Examples include proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory medicines. By lowering the synthesis of aberrant proteins, these medicines assist in reducing kidney damage.
Immunomodulatory medicine such as lenalidomide, belonging to the class of medications known as thalidomide analogues, has shown encouraging results in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Lenalid 25mg capsule, containing lenalidomide, functions by regulating the immune system and preventing the proliferation of cancer cells.
Lenalidomide has been approved by FDA for the treatment of multiple myeloma in newly diagnosed cases, as well as in relapsed or resistant situations, in combination with other chemotherapy drugs. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in significantly increasing overall response rates, slowing the progression of the disease, and prolonging survival.
Conclusion
Patients with multiple myeloma are more likely to get renal failure, which can adversely affect their prognosis and quality of life. In order to manage this problem, prompt diagnosis and efficient treatment approaches are essential. Along with other chemotherapeutic treatments, the use of immunomodulatory medicines has become a viable therapeutic alternative that offers better results and kidney function maintenance. However, for the best results, individualised treatment programs and constant observation by medical professionals are still necessary. Maintaining kidney function also depends on supportive measures like proper hydration and correcting electrolyte imbalances. Kidney transplant or dialysis may be required in extreme renal failure instances in order to prolong life and enhance quality of life.
